Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Ph.D.

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Contact Information

Dr. William J. Capehart, Program Coordinator
Mineral Industries 213
(605) 394-1994
E-mail: William.Capehart@sdsmt.edu

Faculty

Professors Davis, Detwiler, Duke, Fontaine, Fox, Kenner, Price and Stetler; Associate Professors Capehart, Kliche, Riley, Stone and Sundareshwar; Assistant Professors Benning and French; Adjunct Professors Stamm, Johnson, and Monfredo; Adjunct Research Scientist Bunkers; Emeritus Professors Helsdon, Hjelmfelt and Smith.

Program Description

The Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences program aims to unravel the complex interactions between all the earth’s components, such as the biosphere, the atmosphere and oceans, as well as the influence of human activity on the global environment. These interactions occur across many spatio-temporal scales and can profoundly affect living organisms, the atmosphere around them and the ecosystem. The atmosphere and biosphere are fundamentally coupled on a variety of time-scales and support a complex set of bi-directional interactions. Managing wildfire potential, for example, includes understanding atmospheric dynamics, precipitation patterns, vegetation distribution and condition, topographic factors, and more. Similarly, in terrestrial ecosystems, rapid exchange of CO₂, water and energy between the atmosphere and the land surface may dominate bi-directional interactions on short time-scales, whereas, on long time-scales, the interactions involve changes in ecosystem structure and composition in response to changes in climate. The key to success lies in training scientists to form interdisciplinary teams that can simultaneously tackle the broad range of processes needed to achieve understanding and prediction of such complex phenomena. Measuring, monitoring, and modeling earth and atmospheric systems increasingly demands an interdisciplinary approach, because problems in earth processes impacting society often cannot be solved by studying the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and/or biosphere in isolation.

The Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences Ph.D. program links expertise in atmospheric and environmental science, biogeochemistry, geology, hydrology, water quality and water resources to address regional and local issues that may also be nationally or globally significant. The fundamental objective lies in developing the ability to address linkages between earth system components and land management practices in a way that benefits decision-making at regional and national levels. We use the Black Hills of South Dakota and the surrounding Great Plains as a natural laboratory for the development of methodologies to link fundamental observations of the environment across a range of temporal and spatial scales, and integrate them with state-of-the-art modeling, visualization, and analysis.

Key interrelated research themes drive the research and teaching program, building on ongoing research and disciplinary strengths already present at the School of Mines, including meteorology, biogeochemistry, ecology, geology, climatology, hydrology, remote sensing, and geographic information systems.

Specific examples include:

Physical meteorology and storm processes, including impacts on hydrology and wildfire issues.
In situ atmospheric measurements of storms, aerosols, trace gas concentrations, and more using specially adapted storm-penetrating aircraft.
Wildfire dynamics and associated issues related to fire prevention, suppression, and post-fire mitigation.
Carbon cycling and the potential effects of local and regional climate change, including the frequency and severity of storms, drought cycles, and wildfire potential.
Nutrient transformations in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including Black Hills Forests and coastal salt marshes.
Water quality and quantity as it impacts regional growth and environmental systems.
A Geographic Information System (GIS) laboratory as well as state-of-the-art computers equipped with modeling and remote sensing analysis software.
The Museum of Geology, located on campus and housing over 300,000 specimens, serves as a resource for paleontological instruction.

Many School of Mines faculty members who are actively involved in the AES Ph.D. program have externally funded research projects. These projects provide research assistantship opportunities for AES students. In addition to graduate research assistantships, support is also possible through graduate teaching assistantships and various fellowships and scholarships. AES students are strongly encouraged to work with their advisors and faculty colleagues to apply for research funding or fellowships to support their studies.

Program Requirements

Degree candidates in AES are expected to complete an approved multidisciplinary program of coursework and also perform original research in a focused area. A minimum total of 72 credit hours beyond the bachelor’s degree is required. Students entering the AES program with a previous M.S. degree in a relevant discipline are allowed to apply a maximum of 24 course credit hours in an appropriate field toward the course credit requirement and 6 thesis research credits toward the research-credit requirement. There is no language requirement in the AES program. However, all AES students are expected to be proficient in speaking, understanding, and writing the English language. Graduate students who are enrolled full time in the AES program should be able to complete their degree requirements and graduate within three to four years starting with a master’s degree, and four to five years starting from a bachelor’s degree. The time required to complete the degree will vary depending on the transfer of previously earned credits, coursework recommendations specified by the student’s committee, and individual research requirements.

The following key learning outcomes will be developed in all students:

A core of basic and specialized scientific and technical knowledge;
An understanding of the basic scientific tools of measuring, monitoring, and modeling;
The ability to apply these tools to understand atmospheric, hydrologic and land-surface interactions;
The professional skills crucial to research, including obtaining and reviewing research literature, proposing research problems, critically evaluating their own work and the work of others, and communicating in writing and orally with their colleagues;
The understanding and application of professional methods and ethics in their work; and
The ability to form interdisciplinary teams to solve complex problems.

Students entering the program will normally already possess a foundational degree (typically the M.S. degree) in atmospheric and environmental sciences, meteorology, geology, hydrology, or environmental sciences/engineering. Students will build on this foundation by pursuing elective courses that prepare them for advanced work in their chosen specialty. The student and his/her committee are charged to prepare a course of study that will help the student become proficient in a specific research area. Great emphasis is placed on the independent origination of a research problem that will yield a new, original scientific insight.

Ph.D. in Atmospheric and Environmental Studies

	Credit Hours

AES 808 Fundamental Problems in Engineering and Science	3
AES 690 Seminar	1
Research Program Academic Courses*	32
AES 898 Dissertation maximum credits	36
Total required for the degree	72

* Ph.D. Candidates can apply up to 24 supported classroom credit hours from their previous M.S. program into their Ph.D. program of study pending approval by the candidate’s committee

** Ph.D. Candidates can apply up to 6 supported research credit hours from their M.S. program into their Ph.D. program of study pending approval by the candidate’s committee.

The required academic courses include:

AES 690 Seminar Credits: (1-0) 1
AES 808 Fundamental Problems in Engineering and Science Credits: (3-0) 3

Program Elective in Measuring/Modeling of Earth Systems

Students must complete at least one course in measuring and/or modeling techniques, to be selected by the student’s committee. Courses supporting the AES program are offered at the School of Mines to fulfill this 3 credit elective course requirement. These courses are offered in Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences and also programs on campus that include Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geology and Geological Engineering, Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Mathematics and Computer Sciences. Listed below are examples of courses that might be included as electives in an AES program of study. These lists are intended as examples and are not intended to limit a student and committee as they construct an individual program.

Potential elective courses for AES:

Cross-listed 400/500-level coursework must be taken at the 500-level to apply.

AES 401/501 Atmospheric Physics Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 406/506 Global Environmental Change Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 403/503 Biogeochemistry Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 405/505 Air Quality Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 615 Earth and Systems Modeling Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 520 Remote Sensing for Research Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 430/530 Radar Meteorology Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 540 Atmospheric Electricity Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 455/555 Synoptic Meteorology II Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 460/560 Atmospheric Dynamics Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 603 Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 612 Atmospheric Chemistry Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 625 Scaling in Geosciences Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 643 Precipitation Physics and Cloud Modification Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 744 Numerical Dynamics and Prediction Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 660 Atmospheric Dynamics II Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 770 Boundary Layer Processes Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 773 Mesometeorology Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 775 Applied Freshwater Science Credits: (3-0) 3
CEE 634 Surface Water Hydrology Credits: (3-0) 3
CEE 421/521 Aqueous Geochemistry Credits: (3-0) 3
CEE 426/526 Environmental Engineering Unit Operations and Processes Credits: (3-0) 3
CEE 427/527 Environmental Engineering Biological Process Design Credits: (3-0) 3
CEE 528L Advanced Treatment Plant Design
CEE 433/533 Open Channel Flow Credits: (3-0) 3
AES 692 Topics Credits: 1 to 3 OR
CEE 692 Topics Credits: 1 to 3 OR
GEOL 692 Topics Credits: 1 to 3 OR
GEOE 692 Topics Credits: 1 to 3
CEE 739 Techniques of Surface Water Resource and Water Quality Investigations I Credits: (3-0) 3
GEOL 416/416L/516/516L Introduction to GIS/Lab Credits: (2-1) 3
GEOL 417/517 Geospatial Databases Credits: (3-0) 3
GEOL 419/519 Advanced Geospatial Analysis Credits: (3-0) 3
GEOL 420/520 Introduction to Remote Sensing Credits: (3-0) 3
GEOL 633/633L Sedimentation/Lab Credits: (2-1) 3
GEOE 663/663L Groundwater Geochemistry/Lab Credits: (2-1) 3
GEOE 782/782L Fluvial Processes/Lab Credits: (2-1) 3

Additional Information

Student progress and mastery will be measured using the usual instruments in a doctoral program. A written or oral qualifying exam is used to assess the student‘s mastery of the M.S. coursework. A comprehensive examination is given to evaluate the student‘s ability to formulate a research problem based on substantive literature review, and to test the student‘s knowledge in the area of specialty. It is given in two parts: 1) a written examination consisting of a review paper in the student‘s field of study and a research proposal, and 2) an oral examination to evaluate the research proposal and verify the student‘s understanding of the basic sciences and specialized field of study. The dissertation forms the final test of the student‘s ability to perform and communicate research. The student must prepare a doctoral dissertation and successfully complete a public defense covering the scientific validity of the work, as well as the student‘s basic and specialized knowledge in the field of study.

Management of the AES Program

The AES program is managed by the Graduate Office. A program committee composed of 3-5 faculty representing different disciplines oversees the program, including setting policies and reviewing the curriculum. The program committee will also take measures to facilitate interaction by all faculty and students participating in the program. A program coordinator heads the program committee, and provides oversight of student affairs, including meeting with new and existing students, tracking student progress, and conducting orientations for new students.

The preceding committee is distinct from the graduate student advisory committees that provide guidance to individual AES students during the course of their academic studies. The graduate student‘s major professor serves as the head of this advisory committee.